The 10 Most Influential Enlightenment Thinkers, Ranked
Locke, Kant, Rousseau, Voltaire and more: the ten thinkers who did the most to shape modern politics, science and morality, ranked by lasting influence.
Philosophers and their books, ranked.
Thoughtful, opinionated rankings of philosophers, schools and books — from the Stoics to Nietzsche to the Enlightenment — with clear reasoning for every pick.
Browse by era: 19th CenturyAncientEnlightenment
By school: EmpiricismExistentialismPolitical PhilosophyStoicism
Latest rankings
The Best Books by Nietzsche, Ranked
All of Nietzsche's major books ranked, from the Genealogy of Morality to The Antichrist, with a clear reading order and one famous 'book' you should skip.
Top 10 Stoic Philosophers, Ranked
From Zeno's painted porch to Marcus Aurelius's tent on the Danube: the ten Stoics who mattered most, ranked by influence, originality and what you can still read today.